Friendica Social Network

FoolishOwl

2 mesi fa • •

FoolishOwl
2 mesi fa • •

Second day unemployed.

In theory I could be working on some of the projects I haven't had time to work on. Or reading a novel. Or playing a computer game. It all feels futile.

I've applied for half a dozen jobs so far this morning, but that's a farce.

in reply to FoolishOwl

MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to FoolishOwl • 2 mesi fa • •

Are you sad about it or did you apply as a farce because you like the unemployment vacation that much?

if it was just a means to get money, maybe this is an opportunity to find something to spend your life energy on that you find more meaningful? :)

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎

FoolishOwl

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎 • 2 mesi fa • •

@madeindex Its's a farce because I don't actually expect a response.

@MadeInDex 📰🌎

Madeleine Morris

2 mesi fa • •

Madeleine Morris
2 mesi fa • •

Okay, what is with all these women with perfectly manicured nails and their pottery videos on Instagram?

in reply to Madeleine Morris

MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to Madeleine Morris • 2 mesi fa • •

Instagram content is definitely often as real as AI content, well often it's the same anyway ;)

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎

Feyter

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎 • 2 mesi fa • •

@madeindex wait if Instagram is one of the main source for AI training data... And the Data on Instagram is becoming more and more AI generated... AI-ception 🤯

@MadeInDex 📰🌎

TribeofMa

2 mesi fa • •

TribeofMa
2 mesi fa • •

Home improvement 🐻😹💪 #cats #blackcats #fedicats #CatsOfMastodon 🐭 🐻

#CatsOfMastodon #cats #fedicats #blackcats

in reply to TribeofMa

MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to TribeofMa • 2 mesi fa • •

what a great builder! 👷

Clive Thompson

2 mesi fa • •

Clive Thompson
2 mesi fa • •

so apparently sea slugs eat a lot of algae ...

... and some have figured out how to incorporate the algae's plastids into their own bodies ...

... so the sea slugs *photosynthesize*

they can live for months off the sun -- an animal acting like a plant

weird and awesome

item #6 in my latest "Linkfest" newsletter, free here: buttondown.com/clivethompson/a…

close-up image of a bright green sea slug with ruffled, leaf-like edges, resembling a piece of underwater lettuce. Its surface is speckled with golden dots, and delicate frills ripple along its sides as it floats near strands of green algae. The creature’s translucent texture and vivid color give it an almost plant-like appearance.

Linkfest #40: The "Chthulucene", Doom on a Satellite, and The Ethics of Selling a Haunted House

Hello! It’s time for "the opposite of doomscrolling” — my next Linkfest, in which I offer up the finest nuggets of science, culture and technology that I...

^{The Linkfest}

in reply to Clive Thompson

MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to Clive Thompson • 2 mesi fa • •

that's so cool! 🤩 Maybe this bio technology can somehow be used for energy hehe

Like how awesome would be organic solar panels be?!

Questa voce è stata modificata (2 mesi fa)

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎

Clive Thompson

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎 • 2 mesi fa • •

@madeindex

yesssssss

@MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎

Arthur van der Harg

in reply to MadeInDex 📰🌎 • 2 mesi fa • •

@madeindex We have those. They’re called “plants”. It’s only that we currently use the energy that they capture through chemical and physical means (like burning wood or fermenting them into ethanol to burn), instead of directly through electricity.

@MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to Arthur van der Harg

MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to Arthur van der Harg • 2 mesi fa • •

🤣 🤣 🤣 Would love to see a tree battery rather than a wood power plant 😋 @clive

@Clive Thompson

Questa voce è stata modificata (2 mesi fa)

Larhanya of the Muddy Waters

2 mesi fa • •

Larhanya of the Muddy Waters
2 mesi fa • •

Are you someone who's uncomfortable with homeless shelters or encampments near your home/work/kid's school/parent's longterm care home?

Here's the answer to ending homelessness that you've been looking for:
Universal Basic Income & Guaranteed Low Cost Housing

No one chooses to live on the street. And no, choosing the street over a worse option is not actually choosing the street.

UBI provides every person with the money they need to survive, and low cost housing puts them literally in a place where they can begin a new life.

Opposing UBI while complaining about homeless people is like opposing abortion and also opposing contraception. Both positions are like complaining about the snow in the house while refusing to shut the doors and windows.

(Yeah, I know that tooting this on Mastodon is preaching to the choir, but I had to vent.)

#UBI #UniversalBasicIncome #homelessness #unhoused #mercy

#ubi #universalbasicincome #homelessness #unhoused #mercy

Questa voce è stata modificata (2 mesi fa)

in reply to Larhanya of the Muddy Waters

MadeInDex 📰🌎

in reply to Larhanya of the Muddy Waters • 2 mesi fa • •

There was a great thread about this topic last year: mastodon.social/@skinnylatte@h… You are not alone hehe

Also my reply to the thread back then: mastodon.social/@madeindex/112…

MadeInDex 📰🌎 (@madeindex@mastodon.social)

@Morgunin@rollenspiel.social @skinnylatte@hachyderm.io Anybody who has #construction experience knows how cheap a small room with basic insulation, electricity, a toilet, a washbasin and a decent lock is.

^{MadeInDex 📰🌎 (Mastodon)}

Unknown parent

MadeInDex 📰🌎

Unknown parent • 2 mesi fa • •

yeah, actually it's horrible when you think it's been over 1 year, like 1-2% of our life span and nothing much has changed on so many things. Well the good people who want a better world need to stick together and try to influence their surroundings, hopefully next year it will be better :)

Alex Vega Díaz

2 mesi fa • •

Alex Vega Díaz
2 mesi fa • •

Tarde nublada en el Barrio Puerto de Valparaíso.☁️☁️☁️☁️

Catalin Cimpanu

2 mesi fa • •

Catalin Cimpanu
2 mesi fa • •

Cisco has announced Resilient Infrastructure, a project to improve the security of its products.

This includes:

-increase default protections
-remove legacy insecure features
-reduce the attack surface
-enable better detection and response

blogs.cisco.com/news/doubling-…

Doubling down on resilient infrastructure - Cisco Blogs

As global networks face escalating threats, Cisco is strengthening resilient infrastructure by setting secure defaults, eliminating legacy risks, and empowering proactive defense.

^{Anthony Grieco (Cisco Systems)}

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare

2 mesi fa • •

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare
2 mesi fa • •

So Long, Firefox, Part One

It’s likely that Hackaday readers have among them a greater than average number of people who can name one special thing they did on September 23rd, 2002. On that day a new web browser was released, Phoenix version 0.1, and it was a lightweight browser-only derivative of the hugely bloated Mozilla suite. Renamed a few times to become Firefox, it rose to challenge the once-mighty Microsoft Internet Explorer, only to in turn be overtaken by Google’s Chrome.

Now in 2025 it’s a minority browser with an estimated market share just over 2%, and it’s safe to say that Mozilla’s take on AI and the use of advertising data has put them at odds with many of us who’ve kept the faith since that September day 23 years ago. Over the last few months I’ve been actively cha

... mostra di più

So Long, Firefox, Part One

Just What Went Wrong?

Browser market share, 2009 to 2025. Statcounter, CC BY-SA 3.0.
It was perhaps inevitable that Firefox would lose market share when faced with a challenger from a player with the economic muscle of Google. Chrome is everywhere, it’s the default browser in Android and ChromeOS, and when stacked up against the Internet Explorer of fifteen years or so ago it’s not difficult to see why it made for an easy switch. Chrome is good, it’s fast and responsive, it’s friendly, and the majority of end users either don’t care or don’t know enough to care that it’s Google’s way in to your data. When it first appeared, they still had the “Don’t be evil” aura to them, even if perhaps behind the warm and fuzzy feeling it had already worn away in the company itself.

If Firefox were destined to become a minority player then it could still be a successful one; after all, 2% of the global browser market still represents a huge number of users whose referrals to search engines return a decent income. But the key to being a success in any business is to know your customers, and sitting in front of this particular screen it’s difficult to escape the conclusion that Mozilla have lost touch with theirs. To understand this it’s necessary for all of us to look in the mirror and think for a moment about who uses Firefox.

Somewhere, A Group Of Users Are Being Ignored

Blink, and its name will change: Phoenix version 0.1. Mozilla Foundation; Microsoft, Inc., CC BY-SA 4.0.
A quick straw poll in my hackerspace revealed a majority of Firefox users, while the same straw poll among another group of my non-hackerspace friends revealed none. The former used Firefox because of open-source vibes, while the latter used Edge or Safari because it came with their computer, or Chrome on their phone and on their desktop because of Google services. Hackaday is not a global polling organisation, but we think it’s likely that the same trend would reveal itself more widely. If you’re in the technology space you might use Firefox, but if you aren’t you may not even have heard of it in 2025. It’s difficult to see that changing any time soon, to imagine some killer feature that would make those Chrome, Safari, and Edge users care enough to switch to Firefox.

To service and retain this loyal userbase then, you might imagine that Mozilla would address their needs and concerns with what made Phoenix a great first version back in 2002. A lightweight and versatile standards-compliant and open-source web browser with acceptable privacy standards, and without any other non-browser features attached to it. Just a browser, only a browser, and above all, a fast browser.

Instead, Mozilla appear to be following a course calculated to alarm rather than retain these users. Making themselves an AI-focused organisation, neglecting their once-unbeatable developer network, and trying to sneak data gathering into their products. They appear now to think of themselves as a fad-driven Valley startup rather than the custodians of a valuable open-source package, and unsurprisingly this is concerning to those of us who know something about what a browser does behind the scenes.

Why Is This Important?

If you have ever had to write code like this, you will know. Bret Taylor, CC-BY 2.5.
It is likely that I am preaching to the choir here, but it’s important that there be a plurality of browsers in the world. And by that I mean not just a plurality of front-ends, but a plurality of browser engines. One of the reasons Phoenix appeared all those years ago was to challenge the dominance of Microsoft Internet Explorer, the tool by which the Redmond software company were trying to shape the online world to their tune. If you remember the browser wars of that era, you’ll have tales of incompatibilities seemingly baked in on purpose to break the chances of an open Web, and we were all poorer for it. Writing Javascript with a range of sections to deal with the quirks of different browser families is now largely a thing of the past, and for that you have the people who stuck with Firefox in the 2000s to thank.

The fear is that here in 2025 we are in an analogous situation to the early 2000s, with Google replacing Microsoft. Such is the dominance of Google Chrome and the WebKit-derived Blink engine which powers it, that in effect, Google have immense power to shape the Web just as Microsoft did back in the day. Do you trust them to live up to their now-retired mission statement and not be evil? We can’t say we do. Thus Firefox’s Gecko browser engine is of crucial importance, representing as it does the only any-way serious challenger to Blink and WebKit’s near-monopoly. That it is now tied to a Mozilla leadership treating it in so cavalier a manner does not bode well for the future of the Web.

So I’ve set out my stand here, that after twenty-three years, I’m ready to abandon Firefox. It’s not a decision that has been easy, because it’s important for all of us that there be a plurality of browsers, but such is the direction being taken by Mozilla that I am not anxious to sit idly by and constantly keep an eye out for new hidden privacy and AI features to turn off with obscure checkboxes. In the following piece I’ll take a look at my hunt for alternatives, and you may be surprised by the one I eventually picked.

hackaday.com/2025/11/20/so-lon…

Boomerissimo.it

2 mesi fa • •

Boomerissimo.it
2 mesi fa • •

Un serial killer completamente diverso da quelli che conosci

boomerissimo.it/2024/05/03/fra…

#boomerissimo #serialkiller #brasile #truecrime #truecrimeitalia

Francisco De Assis Pereira, il fascino di un serial killer senza fascino - Boomerissimo

Boomerissimo e il true crime, un filone che amplia i suoi confini fino ad arrivare al Brasile grazie ad una collaborazione eccellente: Francine Arioza

^{Redazione (Boomerissimo)}

#boomerissimo #serialkiller #truecrime #truecrimeitalia #brasile

Questa voce è stata modificata (2 mesi fa)

Kevin Beaumont

2 mesi fa • •

Kevin Beaumont
2 mesi fa • •

Worth noting with Mastodon - one of the reasons for no cookie consent popup is.. there are no tracking cookies. At all.

Similar with official mobile apps, there's no privacy agreements etc in the app stores as there's no third party tracking.

Why is this notable? Try doing the same check on Facebook, X, Instagram, Threads, Bluesky or basically anywhere or anything else online. It's basically unheard of in 2025, as everybody else is selling you.

The 19th

2 mesi fa • •

The 19th
2 mesi fa • •

Child care workers are building a network of resistance against ICE
https://19thnews.org/2025/11/ice-child-care-workers-network-of-resistance/?utm_source=flipboard&utm_medium=activitypub

Posted into The 19th @the-19th-19thnews

After ICE raids, child care workers are building a network of resistance

Child care workers, a substantial portion of whom are immigrants, are setting up detailed protection plans with the families in their care in case parents or the workers themselves are detained, leaving the children behind.

^{Chabeli Carrazana (19th News)}

@The 19th

DigiDavidex

2 mesi fa • •

DigiDavidex
2 mesi fa • •

in reply to DigiDavidex

Gabriele Marcosanti

in reply to DigiDavidex • 2 mesi fa • •

...

nome_in_uso

2 mesi fa • •

nome_in_uso
2 mesi fa • •

addio alle mie papille gustative appena decedute per del tè troppo caldo

in reply to nome_in_uso

Gabriele Marcosanti

in reply to nome_in_uso • 2 mesi fa • •

presto! Sgranocchiati un Habanero!
Non ci saranno conseguenze!
E quando mai ti ricapita un'occasione così?

in reply to Gabriele Marcosanti

nome_in_uso

in reply to Gabriele Marcosanti • 2 mesi fa • •

@gmarcosanti hahahahahhahhaha
...
Corro a prenderne uno!!!

@Gabriele Marcosanti

Antonella Ferrari

2 mesi fa da Fedilab • •

Antonella Ferrari
2 mesi fa da Fedilab • •

Strage di Ustica, no all’archiviazione dell’inchiesta. Il 24 novembre conferenza stampa alla Camera

@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2025/11/strage-…
Il Paese merita Verità e Giustizia! Per questo Daria Bonfietti dell’Associazione

@Giornalismo e disordine informativo

Soatok Dreamseeker

3 mesi fa (Ricevuto 2 mesi fa) • •

Soatok Dreamseeker
3 mesi fa (Ricevuto 2 mesi fa) • •

Please don't send me a Signal request and immediately ask me how to commit crimes.

This isn't even like "nice try FBI", it's straight up "DO NOT WANT".

in reply to Soatok Dreamseeker

Gabriele Marcosanti

in reply to Soatok Dreamseeker • 2 mesi fa • •

remember: it's not a crime if no body is found.

in reply to Gabriele Marcosanti

Soatok Dreamseeker

in reply to Gabriele Marcosanti • 2 mesi fa • •

@gmarcosanti In this case (CSAM), I want them to get caught

@Gabriele Marcosanti

CF Bolz-Tereick

2 mesi fa • •

CF Bolz-Tereick
2 mesi fa • •

I supposed it's fitting for today, but I just learned of Vanessa Freudenberg's death right now. I'm really sad 😢

instagram.com/p/DQHEjzXDIdO/?i…

Vanessa Freudenberg on Instagram: "Dear all, we are devastated to share that last week, Vanessa made the decision to peacefully end her life. To many, Vanessa was a friend and an inspiration and we hope you keep your shared memories in your hearts. Ple

365 likes, 126 comments - codefrau on October 22, 2025: "Dear all, we are devastated to share that last week, Vanessa made the decision to peacefully end her life.

^Instagram

in reply to CF Bolz-Tereick

CF Bolz-Tereick

in reply to CF Bolz-Tereick • 2 mesi fa • •

This is the "in memoriam" text about Vanessa Freudenberg from the Smalltalk Zoo homepage smalltalkzoo.computerhistory.o…

We are deeply saddened by the death of Vanessa Freudenberg, October 15, 2025.

For more than 10 years, Vanessa devoted herself to the design and perfection of SqueakJS, fixing reported bugs, adding features, and improving performance. She was committed to making every possible version of Smalltalk available on every possible personal computer. As a result, SqueakJS was awarded the Most Notable Paper award at the ACM’s Dynamic languages Symposium of 2024.

SqueakJS now supports every version of Squeak since its release in 1996, as well as
current versions of Pharo and Cuis, live examples in the Smalltalk Zoo and Dan Ingalls’s HOPL paper, a nearly complete revival of Squeak Croquet, early versions of Scratch, and Squeak eToys. Vanessa never stopped making SqueakJS better and faster. By the time her paper was awarded, SqueakJS ran about as fast as native Squeak at the time she started the project, and she had carried out nearly all the suggestions in her “Future Work” section.

Vanessa also did much of the hard work of bringing Smalltalk-78 to life.
This project culminated in a published paper and revivals of
Alan Borning’s ThingLab
Adele’s Simulation Kit
Dan’s demo of Smalltalk to Steve Jobs
Alan’s tribute to Ted Nelson

No one has done more to ensure the availability and preserve the history of Smalltalk.
Vanessa was an inspiration to the communities that she served.
May she rest in peace.

welcome

^{smalltalkzoo.computerhistory.org}

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare

2 mesi fa da Open app • •

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare
2 mesi fa da Open app • •

Rare Filament Makes Weird Benchies

[Zack], in addition to being a snappy dresser, has a thing for strange 3D printing filament. How strange? Well, in a recent video, he looks at filaments that require 445 C. Even the build plate has to be super hot. He also looks at filament that seems like iron, one that makes you think it is rubber, and a bunch of others.

As you might expect, he’s not using a conventional 3D printer. Although you might be able to get your more conventional printer to handle some of these, especially with some hacking. There is filament with carbon fiber, glass fiber, and more exotic add-ons.

Most of the filaments need special code to get everything working. While you migh

... mostra di più

Antonella Ferrari

2 mesi fa da Fedilab • •

Antonella Ferrari
2 mesi fa da Fedilab • •

Incontro in autogrill tra Renzi e Mancini, per il Tribunale di Roma Report non ha violato alcun segreto di Stato

@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2025/11/incontr…
Il Tribunale di Roma ha messo la

@Giornalismo e disordine informativo

Lorenzo DM

2 mesi fa • •

Lorenzo DM
2 mesi fa • •

Oggi esce @ufficiozero Anna!
La nuova Ammiraglia è davvero spettacolare!
Guarda la mia Recensione su YouTube 😎

#Linux #OpenSource

@linux

youtu.be/TvkByCu1324?si=-NGqU1…

UFFICIO ZERO ANNA - LA DISTRO ITALIANA CHE SPACCA!

📌 Non dimenticare di farmi sapere la tua nei commenti!Se il video ti è piaciuto, lascia un 👍🏼, iscriviti attivando la 🛎️ e condividimi 📲📍 Puoi Supporta...

^YouTube

#linux #opensource @Ufficio Zero Linux @FediLUG Italia - il Linux User Group ufficiale del fediverso

Questa voce è stata modificata (2 mesi fa)

Kingu

2 mesi fa • •

Kingu
2 mesi fa • •

That person who decided about adding -Topic to band names is an arsehole.

in reply to Hypolite Petovan

Kingu

in reply to Hypolite Petovan • 2 mesi fa • •

@hypolite

I know, but in LastFM, the artist name include this -Topic suffix so we have to rename them one by one...

And it's annoying.

@Hypolite Petovan

in reply to Kingu

Hypolite Petovan

in reply to Kingu • 2 mesi fa • •

@Kingu Is it possible to find the original video before it was added to the virtual channel? That would be a way of preventing bogus scrobbles, although it would be pretty painstaking as well.

@Kingu

Michael 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

Michael 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Das geplante Seminar zum Thema "Gute Planung leichtgemacht" muss leider wegen Terminüberschneidungen ausfallen. Das Seminar "Zeitmanagement" wiederum fällt wegen der Verspätung des Seminarleiters aus.

like this

in reply to Michael 🇺🇦

Bugspriet @39c3 Ext 71433

in reply to Michael 🇺🇦 • 2 mesi fa • •

Die Selbsthilfegruppe für falsche Zeichenkodierung findet deshalb heute im Anschluss in Raum Uuml;17 statt

Michael 🇺🇦 likes this.

in reply to Michael 🇺🇦

Arnim Sommer 🇪🇺

in reply to Michael 🇺🇦 • 2 mesi fa • •

Wann traf sich nochmal die Selbsthilfegruppe "Ich Schussel"?

utopiArte likes this.

Paul Khuong

2 mesi fa • •

Paul Khuong
2 mesi fa • •

blog.regehr.org/archives/1676
fedi.lwn.net/@lwn/115582775698…

LWN.net (@lwn@lwn.net)

[$] BPF and io_uring, two different ways BPF allows programs uploaded from user space to be run, safely, within the kernel. The io_uring subsystem, too, can be thought of as a way of loading programs in the kernel, thoug [...] https://lwn.

^{LWN.net (LWN.net's Mastodon server)}

Gabriele Marcosanti

2 mesi fa • •

Gabriele Marcosanti
2 mesi fa • •

Aspetta un attimo!
Come sarebbe a dire che siamo quasi a fine Novembre e che domani potrebbe nevicare?
N...no! Ci dev'essere un errore!
Io ho venduto la mia anima al Diavolo! Dove sono i miei 26°C costanti?!? Sono stato truffato!

Antonella Ferrari

2 mesi fa da Fedilab • •

Antonella Ferrari
2 mesi fa da Fedilab • •

Per due giorni Gualdo Tadino diventa “capitale” della libertà di informazione

@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2025/11/per-due…
Domani e sabato la grande comunità di Articolo 21 si ritrova a Gualdo Tadino che si trasforma in una delle grandi capitali europee della libertà

@Giornalismo e disordine informativo

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare

2 mesi fa • •

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare
2 mesi fa • •

Attacco ransomware a Poltronesofà: il rischio è l’esposizione di dati personali

@Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
Al momento non c'è alcuna rivendicazione, ma l'attacco ransomware subito da Poltronesofà rappresenta un caso emblematico della minaccia persistente che colpisce il tessuto imprenditoriale italiano. Ecco cosa rischiano le persone coinvolte
L'articolo Attacco

@Informatica (Italy e non Italy)

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare

2 mesi fa • •

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare
2 mesi fa • •

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa Italiano discute sulla minacce ibride e digitali in Italia e Europa

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa, si è riunito recentemente al Quirinale sotto la guida del Presidente Sergio Mattarella, ha posto al centro della discussione l’evoluzione delle minacce ibride e digitali che investono l’Italia e l’Europa.

La guerra in Ucraina resta lo scenario da cui originano molte delle tensioni che ricadono anche sul dominio cyber, con Mosca che continua a utilizzare strumenti tecnologici e informativi come leve strategiche per destabilizzare i Paesi occidentali.

... mostra di più

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa Italiano discute sulla minacce ibride e digitali in Italia e Europa

Una parte rilevante della riunione è stata dedicata all’impiego sempre più aggressivo dei droni da parte della Russia, non solo in Ucraina ma anche con violazioni dello spazio aereo di Paesi NATO. Sebbene si tratti di operazioni prettamente militari, il Consiglio ha sottolineato come tali tecniche riflettano un salto di qualità nell’integrazione tra mezzi fisici e digitali, confermando la necessità di potenziare le capacità europee di innovazione e difesa tecnologica, in linea con quanto previsto dal Libro Bianco per la Difesa 2030.

Il tema centrale sul fronte cyber è stato però l’aumento della minaccia ibrida. Il Consiglio ha riconosciuto che la Russia – insieme ad altri attori ostili – sta intensificando attività che spaziano dalla disinformazione alle interferenze nei processi democratici, sfruttando la velocità e l’ubiquità delle tecnologie digitali, oltre alle potenzialità dell’intelligenza artificiale per manipolare lo spazio cognitivo e costruire narrazioni polarizzanti.

Sempre più frequenti sono anche le operazioni cyber dirette contro infrastrutture critiche italiane ed europee. Ospedali, reti energetiche, sistemi finanziari e piattaforme logistiche rientrano tra gli obiettivi più vulnerabili.

L’obiettivo di questi attacchi è creare interruzioni, generare sfiducia nelle istituzioni e colpire la stabilità economica e sociale. Per questo, il Consiglio ha ribadito l’urgenza di rafforzare i meccanismi di difesa e coordinamento nazionale, in continuità con le iniziative già intraprese a livello UE e NATO.

Accanto alle minacce digitali, il Consiglio ha evidenziato come nuovi domini – lo spazio e il sottosuolo marino – stiano rapidamente diventando aree chiave di competizione strategica. La protezione dei cavi sottomarini, dei satelliti e delle infrastrutture spaziali è ormai parte integrante della sicurezza cyber nazionale, poiché un attacco in questi ambiti avrebbe ricadute dirette sulle comunicazioni digitali e sui servizi essenziali.

In chiusura, oltre ai rischi cyber e ibridi, il Consiglio ha espresso forte preoccupazione per le tensioni nei principali scenari di crisi globali – Ucraina, Medio Oriente, Libano, Sahel e Balcani – ricordando che ogni instabilità regionale si ripercuote anche sulla sicurezza informatica europea.

Il messaggio finale è stato chiaro: l’Italia deve continuare a investire nella resilienza digitale e nella cooperazione internazionale, mantenendo alta la vigilanza su tutte le dimensioni della sicurezza contemporanea.

L'articolo Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa Italiano discute sulla minacce ibride e digitali in Italia e Europa proviene da Red Hot Cyber.

Filippo Valsorda

2 mesi fa • •

Filippo Valsorda
2 mesi fa • •

In August I delivered my traditional Go Cryptography State of the Union talk at GopherCon US 2025 in New York.

It goes into everything that happened at the intersection of Go and cryptography over the last year. (Also, bragging t-shirts!)

Watch the video or read the transcript of my performance review!

words.filippo.io/2025-state/?s…

The 2025 Go Cryptography State of the Union

I delivered my traditional Go Cryptography State of the Union talk at GopherCon US 2025 in New York. It goes into everything that happened at the intersection of Go and cryptography over the last year.

^{words.filippo.io}

David Revoy

2 mesi fa • •

David Revoy
2 mesi fa • •

The new feature nobody wanted

#webcomic #krita #miniFantasyTheater

A comic in four panels:

Panel 1. A dark and mystical laboratory, with shelves lined with dusty jars of oddities and strange artifacts, a dark witch, dressed in tattered black robes, is tired, her desk scattered with parchment and strange devices. She looks frustrated and confused. On a perch near to the desk stands a colorful mechanical parrot that contrast with everything.
> Witch: Of course, we wanted crows, and the university gave us this...

Panel 2. Close-up on the parrot speaking cheerfully:
> Parrot: :sparkle emoji: Greetings. I am a conversational Avian Intelligence model, developed by OpenMagic to assist you with your spells.
> Parrot: What can I help with?

Panel 3. The witch's face looks at the mechanical bird with annoyance.
> Witch: "Shut up, you... thing."

Panel 4. The parrot continues. The witch now have her face against the desk.
> Parrot: ":sparkle emoji: I apologize, but I won't engage in conversations with hurtful language. Can I assist you with something else?"

#minifantasytheater #krita #webcomic

Redhotcyber

2 mesi fa • •

Redhotcyber
2 mesi fa • •

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa Italiano discute sulla minacce ibride e digitali in Italia e Europa

📌 Link all'articolo : redhotcyber.com/post/il-consig…

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa, si è riunito recentemente al Quirinale sotto la guida del Presidente Sergio Mattarella, ha posto al centro della discussione l'evoluzione delle minacce ibride e digitali che investono l'Italia e l'Europa. La guerra in #Ucraina resta lo scenario da cui originano molte delle tensioni che ricadono anche sul dominio cyber, con Mosca che continua a utilizzare #strumenti tecnologici e informativi come leve strategiche per destabilizzare i Paesi occidentali.

A cura di Redazione RHC

#redhotcyber #news #cyberattacchi #difesa #europa #guerraucraina #innovazione #minacceibride #russia #sicurezzacibernetica #tecnologiamilitare #ucraina #war #cybersecurity

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa Italiano discute sulla minacce ibride e digitali in Italia e Europa

Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa discute le minacce ibride e digitali in Italia e Europa, con focus su Ucraina, Russia e sicurezza cyber.

^{Redazione RHC (Red Hot Cyber)}

#redhotcyber #cybersecurity #russia #ucraina #News #europa #war #innovazione #guerraucraina #difesa #strumenti #cyberattacchi #minacceibride #sicurezzacibernetica #TecnologiaMilitare

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Since 2022, the #EU paid russia $142B more for energy/oil than it gave #Ukraine in aid ($215B), called a "disgrace" by Sweden’s FM. EU urged to boost Ukraine support, use frozen russian assets, and pressure moscow.

united24media.com/latest-news/…

EU Has Sent Russia $142 Billion More Than It Has Given Ukraine, Sweden Warns

The EU's aid to Ukraine falls short compared to its $358 billion imports from Russia, prompting calls for increased support and pressure on Moscow.

^{Vlad Litnarovych (UNITED24 Media)}

#ukraine #eu

reshared this

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Eyewitnesses captured on video a targeted strike by a russian Kh-101 cruise missile on a residential apartment building in Ternopil.

Despite this, the russian media cynically claim that the impact was allegedly caused by Ukrainian air defense missiles.

militarnyi.com/en/news/russia-…

Russia Used Kh-101 Missile to Hit a High-Rise Building in Ternopil - Militarnyi

Eyewitnesses captured on video a targeted strike by a Russian Kh-101 cruise missile on a residential apartment building in Ternopil.

^{Safronov Taras (Militarnyi)}

reshared this

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

Auschwitz Memorial

2 mesi fa • •

Auschwitz Memorial
2 mesi fa • •

20 November 1887 | A Polish Jew, Wolf Kirschenbaum, was born in Wola Ranizowska. A farmer.

In #Auschwitz from 22 October 1941.
No. 21897
He perished in the camp on 28 October 1941.
---

Online lesson about Jewish prisoners at KL Auschwitz: lekcja.auschwitz.org/29_zydzi_…

Eduexe Course

^{lekcja.auschwitz.org}

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

США запропонували віддати Донеччину та Луганщину "в оренду" рф, пише The Telegraph із посиланням на джерела.

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

воля

2 mesi fa • •

воля
2 mesi fa • •

Ще +890 російських окупантів вчора відправились до пекла.

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

putin's Dead End

There seems to be no number of losses that vladimir putin is not willing to accept to achieve his 'insane dream of Ukraine's complete capitulation' reports Paul Niland, from Kyiv

BYLINE SUPPLEMENT, Substack 📎

open.substack.com/pub/bylinesu…

Putin's Dead End

There seems to be no number of losses that Vladimir Putin is not willing to accept to achieve his 'insane dream of Ukraine's complete capitulation' reports Paul Niland, from Kyiv

^{Paul Niland (Byline Supplement)}

reshared this

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

On this World Children's Day, we're forced to ask what kind of world our children are stepping into.

For too many Ukrainian boys and girls, russia's war of aggression is the only reality they have known.

Changing that reality begins with the decisions we make today.

MFA Ukraine / Instagram

reshared this

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Duduzile Zuma, daughter of ex-South African President Jacob Zuma, allegedly lured 20 young men from South Africa/Botswana to russia, promising bodyguard training. Instead, they ended up on Ukraine’s frontlines, signing russian military contracts. Families lost contact

euromaidanpress.com/2025/11/20…

reshared this

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

Eugene McParland 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Explosions were reported in #Dnipro city

Source: liveuamap.com/en/2025/20-novem…

Explosions were reported in Dnipro city Dnipro - Ukraine Interactive map - Ukraine Latest news on live map - liveuamap.com

Explosions were reported in Dnipro city. Live Universal Awareness Map Liveuamap is a leading independent global news and information site dedicated to factual reporting of a variety of important topics including conflicts, human rights issues, protes…

^{Ukraine Interactive map - Ukraine Latest news on live map - liveuamap.com}

#dnipro

reshared this

Hanse Mina

2 mesi fa • •

Hanse Mina
2 mesi fa • •

China imported a record 1.299 million metric tons of Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) in September, according to Chinese customs data released Thursday.

That total marked a roughly 73% increase from September 2024.

themoscowtimes.com/2025/11/20/…

#Ukraine #Russia #China

China Imports Record Volume of Russian LNG in September

^{The Moscow Times}

#ukraine #russia #china

Hanse Mina

2 mesi fa • •

Hanse Mina
2 mesi fa • •

China is mobilizing civilian ships for potential use in a Taiwan invasion. Recent drills tracked by Reuters show these vessels practicing rapid troop and equipment landings, suggesting China is refining concrete invasion plans.

reuters.com/graphics/USA-CHINA…

#Ukraine #Russia #China #Taiwan

Shadow navy: How China's civilian fleet could be a potent weapon in a Taiwan invasion

A Reuters visual investigation of China's annual naval exercises off the Chinese coast opposite Taiwan shows how Beijing's "shadow navy" of civilian ships is training to help in a mass landing of troops and materiel on the island.

^{Allison Martell (Reuters)}

#ukraine #russia #china #taiwan

Ulfh3dnar

2 mesi fa • •

Ulfh3dnar
2 mesi fa • •

Sensitive content

#ukraine #russia #UkraineRussiaWar

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

On the Kostyantynivka axis, operators from the Phoenix Unmanned Systems Regiment took out a rare and valuable target: a PPRU-1 Ovod mobile air defence command post used to control systems like Strela-10. Two trucks and four Russian troops were also hit.

Hanse Mina

2 mesi fa • •

Hanse Mina
2 mesi fa • •

Video of the pursuit of a Russian Kh-101 missile by a Ukrainian F-16 from the 117th Aviation Wing of the Ukrainian Air Force during yesterday's missile attack.

t.me/AIRTEAM_UA/2230

#Ukraine #Russia #F16

A.I.R.T.E.A.M_UA🇺🇦

Відео переслідування російської ракети Х-101 українським F-16 зі складу 107-го авіаційного крила Повітряних Сил України під час учорашньої ракетної атаки. A.I.R.T.E.A.M_UA🇺🇦

^Telegram

#ukraine #russia #f16

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Bloomberg says the EU is preparing a new sanctions package against Russia’s shadow tanker fleet, targeting those who keep it running. The aim is to further cut Moscow’s oil revenues that fuel the war. These measures are expected to be part of the EU’s 20th sanctions package.

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Unmanned Systems Forces confirm a deep strike on one of Russia’s largest refineries in Ryazan. Operators from the 1st USF Center, working with GUR, hit secondary processing units, causing explosions and a fire. The plant handles 17 million tons of oil a year and supports Russia’s war effort.

Bellingcat

2 mesi fa • •

Bellingcat
2 mesi fa • •

War doesn’t just devastate societies—it leaves lasting scars on the environment.
Later today, the team at the Conflict and Environment Observatory joins us to discuss the hidden ecological costs of conflict, demonstrating how open-source data can lead to accountability. Join us live at 5pm CET/11am EST on the link below👇 discord.gg/4W8uaZzJ?event=1440…

Join the Bellingcat Discord Server!

Come hang out with open source research enthusiasts, share knowledge and experiences, and learn lots! | 37695 members

^Discord

Hanse Mina

2 mesi fa • •

Hanse Mina
2 mesi fa • •

Ukraine has brought back 1,000 bodies that Russia claims, are those of Ukrainian service personnel. Repatriation measures took place on 20 November.

t.me/Koord_shtab/16325

#Ukraine #Russia

Координаційний штаб з питань поводження з військовополоненими

‼️Сьогодні відбулися репатріаційні заходи. В Україну повернуто 1000 тіл, які за твердженням російської сторони належать українським військовослужбовцям.

She was deported to #Auschwitz from #Theresienstadt ghetto on 28 October 1944. She was murdered in a gas chamber after the selection.
---

A short video showing the ruins of gas chamber and crematorium III: youtube.com/shorts/ipQmBPAlJQ8

Vintage black and white portrait of a young girl with curly hair looking directly at the camera.

Ruins of gas chamber and crematorium III at Auschwitz II-Birkenau | #Auschwitz #history #Holocaust

The crematorium, located on the ground level, was designed by the Topf und Söhne company from Erfurt and was equipped with five 3-muffle ovens connected to o...

^YouTube

#auschwitz #theresienstadt

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Additional footage of a Ukrainian F-16 pursuing a Russian Kh-101 cruise missile during yesterday's attack.

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Reuters reports Europeans are pushing back hard against the US backed plan that would force Ukraine to give up more land and accept limits on its military. France says peace cannot mean capitulation, while Poland insists the victim cannot be restricted from defending itself. As US generals arrive in Kyiv, Europe makes clear that Ukraine and its allies must be part of any deal.

Tendar

2 mesi fa • •

Tendar
2 mesi fa • •

Ukrainian F-16 chasing an Russian Kh-Type cruise missile.

It paraphrases once more why it was a good move to deliver the F-16.

kravietz 🦇

2 mesi fa • •

kravietz 🦇
2 mesi fa • •

A brief history of #Russia patriotism 2022-2025

Russian patriots and Z-propagandists on the payroll of Yulia Vityazeva and Armen Gasparyan drove Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Murza to suicide.
Then Russian patriot and Russian officer Colonel Puzik sent Russian patriots and Russian officers Ernest and Goodwin to be slaughtered and disposed of for exposing Russian patriots and Z-volunteers on the channel Katya Valya for stealing humanitarian aid collected by Russian patriots for other Russian patriots.
Then Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Vladimir Solovyov achieved recognition of Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Roman Alekhin as a foreign agent.
Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Sergei Zagatin (Iney channel) exposed Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Tatyana Montyan for stealing donations that Russian patriots had donated to Russian patriots, and Russian patriot and Z propagandist Tatyana Montyan were added to Rosfinmonitoring’s list of terrorists and extremists, and a criminal

... mostra di più

A brief history of #Russia patriotism 2022-2025

Russian patriots and Z-propagandists on the payroll of Yulia Vityazeva and Armen Gasparyan drove Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Murza to suicide.
Then Russian patriot and Russian officer Colonel Puzik sent Russian patriots and Russian officers Ernest and Goodwin to be slaughtered and disposed of for exposing Russian patriots and Z-volunteers on the channel Katya Valya for stealing humanitarian aid collected by Russian patriots for other Russian patriots.
Then Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Vladimir Solovyov achieved recognition of Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Roman Alekhin as a foreign agent.
Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Sergei Zagatin (Iney channel) exposed Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Tatyana Montyan for stealing donations that Russian patriots had donated to Russian patriots, and Russian patriot and Z propagandist Tatyana Montyan were added to Rosfinmonitoring’s list of terrorists and extremists, and a criminal case was opened.
Russian patriot and z-propagandist Vladimir Soloviev, together with Russian patriots and z-propagandists from the TG channel ‘Okhranota v Vatniky’ accused Russian patriot and z-propagandist Grubnik of not being sufficiently patriotic and simultaneously attacked Russian hero and z-patriot Apti Aronich Alautdinov.
In response, Russian patriot and Hero of Russia Apti Alautdinov organised the detention by Centre E and a fine for discrediting the Russian army of Russian patriots and Z-propagandists from the Telegram channel ‘Okhranota v Vatniky’ (Security in Vatkini), and threatened the rest of the Russian patriots and Z-propagandists with mass arrests if the Russian patriots and Z-propagandists did not delete the incorrect posts from their Telegram channels and apologise. Russian patriot and Z-propagandist Ilya Remeslo understood the full weight of his guilt and went on video to apologise to Russian patriots and Z-propagandists Alautdinov, Grubnik and Aida.

I would personally add all the “patriots and heroes of Russia” who killed other “patriots and heroes of Russia” in Donbas, such as Alexander Bednov “Batman” or Igor Mangushev “Bereg”.

Original in Russian: t.me/nuchekotiki/488

Ну че, котятки? 🙀

Русские патриоты и z-пропагандисты на зарплате Юлия Витязева и Армен Гаспарян довели до самоубийства русского патриота и z-пропагандиста мурза.

^Telegram

#russia

Ulfh3dnar

2 mesi fa • •

Ulfh3dnar
2 mesi fa • •

Sensitive content

reuters.com/world/europe/europ…

#europe #usa

#ukraine #europe #usa

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

The Kremlin says it has nothing to add beyond what was stated in Anchorage, with Peskov claiming there are no actual US Russia consultations on "the situation" in Ukraine, only "contacts." He also says no meeting with US military officials is on Putin’s schedule.

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

The International Atomic Energy Agency says overnight Russian strikes forced four of nine operating reactors across Ukraine to reduce output after losing high voltage connections at Khmelnytskyi, Rivne and South Ukraine.

Deliberate Russian nuclear terror.

Hanse Mina

2 mesi fa • •

Hanse Mina
2 mesi fa • •

European countries pushed back on Thursday against a U.S.-backed peace plan for Ukraine that sources said would require Kyiv to give up more land and partially disarm, conditions long seen by Ukraine's allies as tantamount to capitulation.

reuters.com/world/europe/europ…

#Ukraine #Russia #US #EU

#ukraine #russia #us #eu

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

The Economist reveals the US Russia plan given to Zelensky is essentially a capitulation demand. Drafted by Witkoff and Dmitriev without Ukraine, it calls for a 40 percent cut to Ukraine’s army with no corresponding cut on the Russian side, more territorial losses, bans on long range weapons, no foreign troops, restored Kremlin linked institutions and even restrictions on diplomatic flights. Zelensky is set to meet US generals today, who will try to push this proposal.

A non-starter.

Ulfh3dnar

2 mesi fa • •

Ulfh3dnar
2 mesi fa • •

Sensitive content

#ukraine #russia #UkraineRussiaWar

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦

2 mesi fa • •

NOELREPORTS 🇪🇺 🇺🇦
2 mesi fa • •

Ukraine has received 1,000 bodies repatriated from Russia, which Moscow claims belong to fallen Ukrainian soldiers, according to the Coordination Headquarters.

Ulfh3dnar

2 mesi fa • •

Ulfh3dnar
2 mesi fa • •

Sensitive content

#ukraine #russia #UkraineRussiaWar

Ulfh3dnar

2 mesi fa • •

Ulfh3dnar
2 mesi fa • •

Sensitive content

#ukraine #russia #UkraineRussiaWar #eu #KajaKallas

Zambunny

2 mesi fa • •

Zambunny
2 mesi fa • •

#MastoAiuto

Ciao! Sapete per caso come si fa a scaricare un album da Youtube (non una playlist) in modo da avere file separati e non dover separare le canzoni a mano con Audacity?

Esempio completamente random di quello che intendo: youtube.com/watch?v=PyNj9xxiA2…

Bonus points se si riesce perfino ad avere i metadati corretti.

Grazie!!!!

Scritta azzurra HELP su sfondo giallo con l'icona in nero di un coniglietto che spunta con la testa da una tana

Deftones - Private Music (Full Album)

The wait is over. Deftones are back with their highly anticipated tenth studio album, "private music." Marking their first new music since 2020's acclaimed O...

^YouTube

#mastoaiuto

in reply to Zambunny

Fabio

in reply to Zambunny • 2 mesi fa • •

@Zambunny

yt-dlp --split-chapters ...

@Zambunny

Jamie Nemeth

2 mesi fa • •

Jamie Nemeth
2 mesi fa • •

A (horrible) alternate reality, inspired by yesterday.

#Cloudflare #Teletext #TeletextArt #Art

Teletext mockup/art inspired by yesterday's Cloudflare outage.

P100 Teletext 100 Nov18 14:00:13

Internal server error
Visit Cloudflare on p799 for more info.
2025-11-18 14:00:13 UTC

Pixel art of a TV with bunny-ear aerial with a green tick, a TV transmitter with a red tick, and a PC with a green tick.

You, TV: Working
London, Cloudflare: Error
Teletext, Host: Working

What happened?
There is an internal error on Cloudflare's network.

What can I do?
Please try again in a few minutes.

Cloudflare Index

#art #cloudflare #teletext #teletextart

George Takei 🏳️‍🌈🖖🏽

2 mesi fa • •

George Takei 🏳️‍🌈🖖🏽
2 mesi fa • •

Stop the slop.

A tweet from “Mara @wydmara” says: “Can we have this button fuckng everywhere.”
Below is a tweet from “lumi @dainlou” saying: “can we have this button on Pinterest plz,” with an image of a toggle switch labeled “Exclude AI,” switched to the “on” position.

quinta - Stefano Quintarelli reshared this.

internetarchive

2 mesi fa • •

internetarchive
2 mesi fa • •

The Wayback Machine, openlibrary.org, and some other archive.org functions are offline because some network gear has failed.

We apologize and are working on it. More as it happens.

N_{Dario Fadda}

2 mesi fa • •

N_{Dario Fadda}
2 mesi fa • •

Eternidade Stealer: WhatsApp-Enabled banking trojan sophistication
#CyberSecurity
securebulletin.com/eternidade-…

Eternidade Stealer: WhatsApp-Enabled banking trojan sophistication - Secure Bulletin

The Trustwave SpiderLabs team has unearthed a particularly unsettling piece of malware – Eternidade Stealer – that’s raising serious questions about the security practices surrounding WhatsApp and the increasingly complex techniques employed by cyber…

^{dark6 (securebulletin.com)}

#cybersecurity

Fabio Ned

2 mesi fa • •

Fabio Ned
2 mesi fa • •

Il Lago Maggiore è bello anche d'inverno nelle giornate uggiose
#photography #landscape #paesaggiInvernali

#photography #landscape #paesaggiinvernali

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare

2 mesi fa • •

Cybersecurity & cyberwarfare
2 mesi fa • •

Mating Cycles: Engineering Connectors to Last

If you take a look around you, chances are pretty good that within a few seconds, your eyes will fall on some kind of electrical connector. In this day and age, it’s as likely as not to be a USB connector, given their ubiquity as the charger of choice for everything from phones to flashlights. But there are plenty of other connectors, from mains outlets in the wall to Ethernet connectors, and if you’re anything like us, you’ve got a bench full of DuPonts, banana plugs, BNCs, SMAs, and all the rest of the alphabet soup of connectors.

... mostra di più

Mating Cycles: Engineering Connectors to Last

Given their propensity for failure and their general reputation as a necessary evil in electrical designs, it may seem controversial to say that all connectors are engineered to last. But it’s true; they’re engineered to last, but only for as long as necessary. Some are built for only a few cycles of mating, while others are built for the long haul. Either way, connectors are a great case study in engineering compromise, one that loops physics, chemistry, and materials science into the process.

A Tale of Two Connectors

While there’s a bewildering number of connectors available today, most have at least a few things in common. Generally, connectors consist of one or more electrically conductive elements held in position by an insulating body of some sort, one that can mechanically attach to another body containing more conductive elements. When the two connectors are attached, the conductive elements come into physical contact with each other, completing the circuit and providing a low-resistance path for current to flow. The bodies also have to be able to separate from each other when the connections need to be broken.
This Molex connector is only engineered for a few mating cycles over its useful life. By Barcex – Self-published work, CC BY-SA 2.5.
For as simple as that sounds, a lot of engineering goes into making connectors that are suitable for the job at hand. The intended use of a connector dictates a lot about how it’s designed, and in terms of connector durability, looking at the extremes can be instructive. On one end of the scale, we might have something like a Molex connector on a wiring harness in a dishwasher. Under ideal circumstances, a connector like that only needs to be used once, in the factory during assembly. If the future owner of the appliance is unlucky, that connector might go through one or two more mating cycles if the machine needs to be serviced at some point. Either way, the connector is only going to be subjected to low single-digit mating cycles, and should be designed accordingly
A USB-C connector, on the other hand, is designed for 10,000 mating cycles. By Tomato86 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0.
On the other end of the mating-cycle spectrum would be something like the USB-C connector on a cell phone. Assuming the user will charge the phone once a day, the connector might have to endure many thousands of mating cycles over the useful life of the phone. Such a connector has a completely different use case from a connector like that Molex, and very different design constraints. But the basic job — bringing two conductors into close contact to complete a low-resistance circuit, and allow the circuits to be broken only under the right circumstances — is the same for both.

But what exactly do we mean by “close contact”? It might seem obvious — conductors in each half of the connector have to touch each other. But keeping those conductors in contact is the real trick, especially in challenging environments such as under the hood of a car or inside a CNC machine, where vibration, dust, and liquid intrusion can all come together to force those contacts apart and break the circuit while it’s still in use.

esseeWhy Be Normal?

To keep contacts together, engineers rely on one of the simplest mechanisms of all: springs. In most connectors, the contacts themselves are the sprung elements, although there are connectors where force is applied to the contacts with separate springs. In either case, the force generated by the spring pushes the contacts together firmly enough to ensure that they stay connected. This is the normal force, called so because the force is exerted perpendicular to the plane of contact when the connector is mated.

Traditionally, normal force in connector engineering is expressed in grams, which seems like an affront to the SI system, where force is expressed in Newtons. But fear not — “grams” does not refer to the mass of a contact, but rather is shorthand for “gram-force,” the force applied by one gram of mass in a one g gravitational field. So, an “80 gram” contact is really exerting 0.784 N of normal force. But that’s a bit clunky, especially when most connectors have normal forces that are a fraction of a Newton. So it ends up being easier to refer to the grams part of the equation and just assume the acceleration component.

The amount of normal force exerted by the contacts is a critical factor in connector design, and has to be properly scaled for the job. If the force is too low, it may increase the resistance of the circuit or even result in intermittent open circuits. If the force is too high, the connector could be difficult to mate and unmate, or the contacts could wear out from excess friction.

Since the contacts themselves are usually the springs as well as the conductors, getting the normal force right, as well as ensuring the contacts are highly conductive, is largely an exercise in materials science. While pure copper is an excellent conductor, it is not elastic enough to provide the proper normal force. So, most connectors use one of two related copper alloys for their contacts: phosphor bronze, or beryllium copper. Both are excellent electrical and thermal conductors, and both are strong and springy, but there are significant differences between the two that make them suitable for different types of connectors.

As the name implies, phosphor bronze is an alloy of phosphorus and bronze, which itself is an alloy of copper and tin. To make phosphor bronze, about 0.03% phosphorus is added to pure molten copper. Any oxygen dissolved in the copper reacts with the phosphorus, making phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), which can be easily removed during refining. About 2% tin is added along with about 10% zinc and 2% iron to make the final alloy, which is easily cast into sheets or coil stock.

While far superior to pure copper or non-phosphor bronze for use in contacts, phosphor bronze is, at best, a compromise material. It’s good enough in almost all categories — strength, elasticity, conductivity, wear resistance — but not really great in any of them. It’s the “Jack of all trades, master of none” of the electrical contact world, which, coupled with its easy workability and low cost, makes it the metal of choice for the contacts in commodity connectors. If a manufacturer is making a million copies of a connector, especially ones that are cheap enough that nobody will cry too much if they have to be replaced, chances are good that they’ll choose phosphor bronze. It’s also the alloy most likely to be used for connectors intended for low mating-cycle applications, like the aforementioned dishwasher Molex.

For more mission-critical contacts, a different alloy is generally called for: beryllium copper. Also known as spring copper, beryllium copper contains up to about 3% beryllium, but for electrical uses, it’s usually around 0.7% with a little cobalt and nickel added in. Beryllium copper is everything that phosphor bronze is, and more. It’s stronger and springier, it’s a far better electrical conductor, and it also has a better ability to withstand creep under load. Also known as stress relaxation, creep under load is the tendency for a spring to lose its strength over time, which reduces its normal force. Phosphor bronze has pretty good stress relaxation resistance, but when it heats up past around 125°C, it starts to lose spring force — not ideal for high-power applications. Beryllium copper is easily able to withstand 150°C or more, making it a better choice for power connectors.

Beryllium copper also has a higher elastic modulus than phosphor bronze, which makes it easier to create small contacts that still have enough normal force to maintain good contact. Smaller is better when it comes to modern high-density connectors, so you’ll often see beryllium copper used in fine-pitch connectors. It also has better fatigue life and tends to maintain normal force over repeated mating cycles, making it desirable for connectors that specify cycle lives in the thousands. But just because it’s desirable doesn’t make it a shoo-in — beryllium copper is at least three times more expensive than phosphor bronze. That means it’s usually reserved for connectors that can justify the added expense.

Noble Is Only Skin Deep

No matter what the base metal is for connector contacts, chances are good that the finished contact will have some sort of plated finish. Plating is important because it protects the base metal from oxidation, as well as increasing the wear resistance of contacts and improving their electrical conductivity. Plating metals fall into two broad categories: noble (principally gold, with silver used sometimes for high-power connectors, as well as palladium, but only very rarely) and non-noble platings.

Noble metal finishes are quite common in high-density connectors, RF applications, and high-speed digital circuits, as well as high-reliability applications and connectors that are expected to have high mating cycles. But at the risk of stating the obvious, gold is expensive, so it’s used only on connectors that really need it. And even then, it’s very rare that the entire contact is plated. While that would be incredibly expensive — gold is currently pushing $4,000 an ounce — the real reason is that gold isn’t particularly solderable. So generally, selective plating is used to deposit gold only on the mating surfaces of contacts, with the tail of the contact plated in a non-noble metal to improve solderability.

youtube.com/embed/AtwVm_3YrwI?…

Among the non-noble finishes, tin and tin alloys are the first choice. Aside from its excellent solderability, tin alloys do a great job at protecting the base metal from corrosion. However, the tin plating itself begins to oxidize almost immediately after it’s applied. This would seem to be a problem, but it’s easily addressed by using more spring force in the contacts to break through the oxide layer to fresh tin. Tin-plated contacts typically specify normal forces of 100 grams or more, while noble metal contacts can get by with 30 grams or less. Also, tin contacts require much thicker plating than noble metal finishes. Tin is generally specified for commodity connectors and anywhere the number of mating cycles is likely to be low.

Don’t You Fret

Although corrosion is obviously something to be avoided, the real enemy when it comes to connector durability is metal-on-metal contact. The spring pressure between contacts unavoidably digs into the plating, and while that’s actually desirable in tin-plated contacts, too much of a good thing is bad. Digging past the plating into the base metal marks the end of the road for many connectors, as the base metal’s relatively lower conductivity increases the resistance of the connection, potentially leading to intermittent connections and even overheating. Again, noble metals perform better in this regard, at least in the long run, as their lower normal force reduces friction and results in a longer-lived contact.

There’s another metallurgical phenomenon that can wreak havoc on connectors: fretting. Fretting is caused by tiny movements of the contacts against each other, on the order of 10^-7 meters, generally in response to low-g vibrations but also as a result of thermal expansion and contraction. Fretting damage occurs when the force of micromotions between contacts exceeds the normal force exerted between them. This leads to one contact sliding over the other by a tiny amount, digging a trench through the plating metal. In tin-plated contacts, this exposes fresh tin, which oxidizes instantly, forming an insulating surface. Further micromotions expose more fresh tin, which leads to more oxides. Eventually the connection fails due to high resistance. Fretting is insidious because it happens even without a lot of mating cycles; all it takes is a little vibration and some time. And those are the enemies of all connectors.

hackaday.com/2025/11/20/mating…

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Tanti auguri Windows! 40 anni di storia dei sistemi operativi e non sentirli

Esattamente 40 anni fa, il 20 novembre 1985, Microsoft rilasciò Windows 1.0, la prima versione di Windows, che tentò di trasformare l’allora personal computer da una macchina con una monotona riga di comando in un sistema con finestre, icone e controllo tramite mouse.

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Tanti auguri Windows! 40 anni di storia dei sistemi operativi e non sentirli

Si tratta della messa a terra di alcune delle più grandi innovazioni del nostro tempo, ideata dal genio di Duglas Engelbart e dell’“oN-Line System”, il sistema progettato negli anni sessanta che introduceva un sistema operativo a finestre connesso ad un mouse, presentati nella storica “mother of all demos” del 9 dicembre del 1968.
Schermata di caricamento di Windows 1.0
Per il pubblico di oggi, questo sembra scontato (o sconosciuto) ma a metà degli anni ’80, l’idea stessa di un’interfaccia grafica sul PC IBM di massa era praticamente rivoluzionaria.

Tecnicamente, Windows 1.0 non era un sistema operativo completo. Era una sovrapposizione grafica su MS-DOS , una shell a 16 bit chiamata MS-DOS Executive che si sovrapponeva al sistema esistente e consentiva l’esecuzione di programmi in modalità finestra.

La prima versione fu rilasciata solo negli Stati Uniti; aggiornamenti ed edizioni internazionali seguirono in seguito, e il pacchetto costava circa 99 dollari, una cifra considerevole all’epoca.
Desktop di Windows 1.0, dove si possono vedere le finestre non modificabili nella loro dimensione
L’interfaccia appariva insolita persino per gli standard degli anni ’80. In Windows 1.0, le finestre non potevano essere sovrapposte liberamente: erano rigorosamente affiancate sullo schermo. L’utente controllava il sistema principalmente con il mouse, selezionando le voci di menu e trascinando gli elementi, sebbene i menu stessi funzionassero in modo strano e richiedessero di tenere premuto il pulsante del mouse.

Ma anche allora, Microsoft stava già definendo i principi che in seguito si sarebbero evoluti nel modello desktop che conosciamo.

Windows 1.0 includeva una suite di applicazioni sorprendentemente riconoscibili ancora oggi. Agli utenti venivano offerti Paintbrush, l’antenato dell’odierno Paint, Blocco note, l’editor di testo Write, Calcolatrice, un orologio, un terminale, il database di schede Cardfile, gli appunti e un gestore di stampa. Queste applicazioni consentivano agli utenti di prendere semplici appunti, disegnare semplici grafici, stampare documenti ed eseguire più programmi contemporaneamente, sebbene con un multitasking molto limitato.

I requisiti hardware al momento del rilascio erano considerati piuttosto elevati. Per eseguire Windows 1.0 era necessario un processore Intel 8086 o 8088, almeno 256 kilobyte di RAM, una scheda grafica e due unità floppy disk a doppia faccia o un disco rigido. Molti recensori si sono lamentati del notevole rallentamento del sistema durante l’esecuzione di più applicazioni, soprattutto se il computer disponeva di una memoria inferiore ai 512 kilobyte consigliati. In confronto, l’attuale minimo di 4 gigabyte per Windows 11 sembra quasi un balzo in avanti.

Windows 1.0 ricevette un’accoglienza tiepida dal mercato. I critici ne notarono l’interfaccia lenta, la scarsa compatibilità con i programmi DOS esistenti e il numero limitato di applicazioni scritte specificamente per Windows. Rispetto ai sistemi grafici Apple già disponibili, il prodotto Microsoft appariva rudimentale e alcuni recensori paragonarono le sue prestazioni su un PC con 512 kilobyte di RAM a “melassa versata nell’Artico”, alludendo alla sua incredibile lentezza.
Desktop di Windows 2.0
Tuttavia, Microsoft non abbandonò l’idea. Nel giro di un paio d’anni, l’azienda rilasciò diversi aggiornamenti di Windows 1.x con supporto per nuovo hardware e layout di tastiera europei, per poi introdurre Windows 2.0 e il particolarmente riuscito Windows 3.0.

Queste versioni, da sole, resero l’interfaccia grafica dei PC IBM uno standard di fatto del settore e gettarono le basi per il vasto ecosistema software a cui ci siamo abituati negli anni ’90.
Desktop di Windows 3.0
Oggi, Windows 1.0 è ormai da tempo diventato un reperto da museo: emulatori del sistema vengono lanciati per nostalgia e curiosità, e la stessa Microsoft occasionalmente ricorda la sua prima interfaccia grafica attraverso Easter egg e progetti a tema, come la divertente app per Windows 1.11 basata sulla serie TV Stranger Things.

Ma molte idee e persino alcuni programmi di quell’epoca sono sopravvissuti fino a oggi, e il 40° anniversario ci ricorda quanto rapidamente siano cambiati sia i computer che la nostra comprensione di cosa dovrebbe essere un’interfaccia intuitiva in una sola generazione .

L'articolo Tanti auguri Windows! 40 anni di storia dei sistemi operativi e non sentirli proviene da Red Hot Cyber.

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Redhotcyber
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Tanti auguri Windows! 40 anni di storia dei sistemi operativi e non sentirli

📌 Link all'articolo : redhotcyber.com/post/tanti-aug…

#redhotcyber #news #windows #microsoft #storiainformatica #sistemoperativo #userfriendly #pc #rslagodicomando #shell #icona #mouse #windows10 #informatica

Tanti auguri Windows! 40 anni di storia dei sistemi operativi e non sentirli

Windows 1.0, la prima versione del sistema operativo Microsoft, fu rilasciata il 20 novembre 1985. Scopri la sua storia e il suo impatto sul mondo dei computer.

^{Redazione RHC (Red Hot Cyber)}

#microsoft #redhotcyber #News #informatica #windows #mouse #pc #shell #windows10 #userfriendly #storiainformatica #sistemoperativo #rslagodicomando #icona

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