Tiny386 on an Espressif ESP32-S3

Some people may remember the joys of trying to boot Linux on an 8-bit AVR microcontroller, which was an absolute exercise in patience. In comparison [He Chunhui]’s Tiny386 emulator running on an ESP32-S3 MCU is positively zippy when it boots and runs Windows 95. The provided video (also embedded below) makes clear that while you can comfortably waddle off to prepare and pour a fresh cup of tea, it’s actually borderline usable.

The source code can be obtained via GitHub, which contains not just the basic emulated 80386 CPU written in C99, but also peripherals borrowed from TinyEMU and QEMU, along with a SeaBIOS ROM. In addition to the Windows 95 demo it’s claimed that Tiny386 should be able to run most 16/32-bit software.

Right now the ESP32-S3 version targets the JC3248W535 board, which is a roughly $30 development board featuring a built-in display with touch screen and an ESP32-S3 module. Although it has a USB-C port, it appears that this one is just for programming and not for the USB peripheral of the ESP32-S3. With the USB OTG peripheral used, one could conceivably make a small 386 system based around an ESP32-S3 that features a USB hub to plug a keyboard, mouse, etc. into.

Considering that the Tiny386 emulator is a very simple and straightforward approach to emulating an early-90s PC, some optimization might enable a pretty zippy general purpose PC for early 90s software. Quite a boost from watching Linux struggle into a command line on an AVR, indeed.

youtube.com/embed/SqIoFQDnhtI?…

hackaday.com/2025/11/13/tiny38…

What Do You Call an Ekranoplan With an Outboard Motor?

If there’s one thing [rctestflight] likes, it’s… probably radio controlled test flights. If there are two things [rctestflights] likes, the second one is probably ground-effect vehicles, AKA Ekranoplans. Tired of having them flip over and crash, he’s trying an an innovative solution: stick a planing hull on it.

Ekranoplans have a stability problem because the center-of-pressure isn’t static: as the wing gets closer to the ground, the high pressure cushion of air that creates the ground effect tends to put more lift rearwards. The net effect of that is to torque the vehicle nose-down, which is kind of a self-limiting problem at a fraction of a wingspan’s altitude. The opposite problem is more concerning: the higher the ekranoplan gets, the more it wants to nose up, and there’s nothing to stop it. That leads to the vehicle flipping over.

In this video, [rctestflight] takes a few stabs at trying to solve the stability problem– he starts with a flat planing hull on the nose, with the idea that the vehicle will be nose-heavy enough to ride serenely over the water. Water isn’t actually flat, though, and the nose bumping over the waves wasn’t able to do what he wanted. He then switches to a feeler that is to ride on-surface to adjust the pitch of the nose-mounted propellers–up if it pokes the water, down if it can’t– to provide passive pitch stabilization. That does work at some airspeeds, but produces a predictable porpoising effect, even with an elastic band for damping. That design might show promise with more refinement, but if you’re using something to give altitude feedback, it might as well be lidar.

The next iteration of the design places a pair of hydro-screw propellers on the nose, for all the world like a pair of outboard motors. We’re not even sure what to call the resulting vehicle, but “more stable” is unfortunately not it. It doesn’t seem to fly any worse, mind you, but certainly not well enough to justify the complexity, especially once he goes down the rabbit hole of adding suspension to the motors.

Ultimately he ends up refining the planning hull into a V-shape, since a V-hull can cut the waves and give a smoother ride than a flat-bottomed boat. We can’t help but agree with [rctestflight] that the standard configuration of a long hull and large horizontal stabilizer is likely the way to go, since the whole point of a ground-effect vehicle is to avoid the energy cost associated with skipping over waves. Still, it’s hard to deny that these prototypes are hacks, and we appreciate the brief lesson in aerodynamics he provides in the video.

Given some of the other projects he’s tackled, we’re kind of disappointed he didn’t try a hydrofoil.

youtube.com/embed/SbRxgZVG5fs?…

hackaday.com/2025/11/13/what-d…

3D Printing A Piano Action

Part of the reason there are always free pianos on your digital classifieds listing of choice is that, at least economically speaking, a piano is less of a musical instrument and more of a complicated machine that can and will wear out (not to mention the physical difficulty of actually moving one). Once a piano reaches that point, whether through age, use, or neglect, at that point it’s to intents and purposes worthless. But still, they’re essentially just machines. [Toast] figured that, since 3D printers not only can print all kinds of other machines and musical instruments alike, he would take a stab at combining these two and made his own 3D printed piano.

A piano’s action is the mechanical linkage between the keys and the strings of the piano themselves. Over many hundreds of years this has developed into a complicated series of levers which not only rapidly strike strings when a key is pressed, but also mute the strings while the key is not being pressed and strike the strings in a way that the hammer won’t be pressed into the strings if the player leaves their finger on a key. Rather than try to recreate all of this in meticulous detail, [Toast] has swapped out the strings for a series of tubes which, unlike strings, do not much change their musical behavior if the hammer remains on the tube after being struck. This greatly simplifies the action (and cost) of his miniature piano.

The piano works by positioning hammers above these tubes, which strike downwards when a musician depresses the keys. Rubber bands return the hammers to their upright positions after the key is lifted. The instrument went through a few stages of design as well where [Toast] refined the size and shape of the tubes as well as improved the way by which the hammers are attached to the keys.

Is it still a piano if it has pipes instead of strings? Perhaps, but at the very least we can all agree that he’s built a working keyboard action capable of producing music, if not an outright definitionally-accurate piano. It’s an interesting build that we hope to see more iterations of in the future, if not to build a more functionally accurate 3D printed piano action then to see what is possible from a 3D printer in the piano space. Despite their complexity and weight, pianos are a fundamental and popular instrument in the Western music tradition and we’ve seen many interesting builds around them like this modern player piano built with a series of solenoids.

youtube.com/embed/sS2sAIIYqig?…

Thanks to [Vert] for the tip!

hackaday.com/2025/11/13/3d-pri…

One problem with Mastodon that bothers me is that you can't change your user ID, your nickname, so to speak. To do so, you have to move your account, migrate to another account, which can be on the same instance.This comes with the inconvenience of not being able to move your posts automatically.
I had my first account in late 2016, with Mastodon newly created, shortly after my first Twitter account. I didn't use it much and then switched to this instance (infosec.exchange) to follow people and information related to infosec and bugbounty (bughuntercat).
Then I got tired of that cat and migrated to this account with my real name. I can't seem to get comfortable with this. Maybe it's my habit of hiding and my reluctance to use real personal information online.
I no longer even know who I really am, so I pretend to be someone else.
I have an account that's the oldest I have right now, and I'm tempted to move everything there. In the end, people don't really care who you are or if you even exist. It would have to be something permanent because I'm getting old and my autistic ass doesn't like so many changes at all. I've moved 45 times in my 62 years of life and it seems I have the urge to do the same with my online digital spaces. To read the work of good people who do hacking, programming, and tinkering I really like this instance with the devices, so well managed by Jerry @jerry .
I only have Mastodon and an Instagram account that I share with my wife. I know that I may not have much time left in this world since my health is plummeting like a kamikaze plane and I don't want to continue wasting my time on vain things.
I don't even know why I'm telling you this, which by right might not matter.
I want to have and live an autistic, almost monk-like life, quiet and without looking out the window at that toxic world in which I have lived for many years. Thank you for sharing your cats, memes, jokes, and your work here.
(The photo is of Hakka, my youngest cat, who is 8 years old. A tremendous rooftop fighter whom I admire. A martial artist like his human father.

#mastodon #infosec #actuallyautistic #socialmedia #socialnetwork #cats

VLC e il suo creatore ricevono un premio per aver scelto la libertà rispetto a milioni di dollari

Ogni volta che ci si imbatte in un file multimediale sconosciuto o in un link strano che non si apre con nessuna applicazione standard, c’è sempre un programma che viene in soccorso: VLC.

Questo lettore funziona in modo affidabile su qualsiasi sistema, supporta formati ormai dimenticati dall’industria e rimane completamente gratuito grazie a un uomo il cui nome compare raramente nelle notizie: Jean-Baptiste Kempf.

Questa settimana ha ricevuto l’European SFS Award 2025, assegnato dalla Free Software Foundation Europe. La cerimonia si è tenuta a Bolzano, dove si stava svolgendo la conferenza SFSCon, dedicata allo sviluppo del software libero.

Lo stesso Kempf è da tempo una figura di spicco nella comunità, responsabile della consueta libertà d’uso di VLC. Ha ripetutamente spiegato perché il progetto mantenga il suo modello di finanziamento e si rifiuti di cedere alle pressioni degli investitori. Alla domanda sulle proposte di venture capital, lo sviluppatore ha risposto senza mezzi termini:

“Finora non è stata intrapresa alcuna azione, perché qualsiasi cambiamento richiederebbe un modello di business che andrebbe effettivamente a vantaggio degli utenti. La maggior parte delle proposte si riduceva all’installazione di barre degli strumenti e altri software spazzatura insieme a VLC. Non siamo interessati a questo”.

La sua posizione ha tenuto il progetto lontano per molti anni da pubblicità intrusive, data miner e altri metodi di monetizzazione, che trasformerebbero un’utilità intuitiva nell’ennesima piattaforma per promuovere servizi non necessari.

La storia di VLC iniziò nel 1996 come esperimento studentesco presso l’École Centrale Paris, una scuola di ingegneria successivamente fusa con CentraleSupélec. La rivista francese Libération descrisse dettagliatamente le prime fasi del progetto, incluso un dettaglio sorprendente: la società di telecomunicazioni Bouygues si offrì di finanziare linee di interconnessione più veloci tra gli edifici se il team fosse riuscito a trovare un modo per trasmettere in streaming i segnali della Télévision Française 1.

Gli studenti, naturalmente, utilizzarono la nuova infrastruttura non solo per trasmettere esperimenti: testarono anche Doom sulla rete. L’unico file MPEG-2 che avevano a disposizione, un estratto di 20 minuti da GoldenEye, si rivelò utile durante i test. Per questo motivo, VLC 1.0.x ricevette il nome in codice “GoldenEye“. Gli autori ricordarono ironicamente che questo nome non aveva nulla a che fare con la trama di Bond: era il nome della villa di Ian Fleming in Giamaica.

Inizialmente, lo sviluppo consisteva in due componenti: VideoLAN Server, che trasmetteva flussi MPEG-2, e VideoLAN Client, che li riproduceva. Col tempo, questi componenti si sono fusi, le funzionalità del server sono migrate all’applicazione e VLC si è evoluto in uno strumento di streaming autonomo. Ecco perché il nome è diventato da tempo ricorsivo e ora sta per VLC Media Player, sebbene il programma faccia da tempo molto più che riprodurre file.

Il contributo di Kempf va oltre la scrittura del codice sorgente: l’elenco dei collaboratori del progetto include oltre 1.000 sviluppatori nel corso degli anni. Arrivò all’École Centrale Paris nel 2003, si unì al team di VLC e, quando gli ex studenti lasciarono l’università nel 2006 e l’iniziativa rischiava di estinguersi, ne assunse la direzione. Da allora, ha coordinato lo sviluppo del progetto e, nel 2012, ha fondato Videolabs per garantire un supporto stabile all’infrastruttura, alle build e all’integrazione.

Ha anche una sua cultura dei piccoli dettagli. Il cono luminoso da costruzione utilizzato come icona dell’app è un omaggio all’associazione studentesca VIA, nota per la sua passione per i “souvenir” sotto forma di oggetti di strada dopo feste chiassose. Questo cono decora l’interfaccia. Il team sceglie nomi in codice per le uscite tratte dall’universo di Terry Pratchett. C’è stata una sola eccezione: la versione 2.2.1, pubblicata subito dopo la morte dell’autore nel 2015, ha ricevuto il semplice nome “Terry Pratchett”.

Oggi, VLC è considerato uno dei progetti di software libero più riconoscibili e la sua sostenibilità deve molto all’uomo che ha scelto di preservare l’idea di accesso condiviso anziché i compromessi commerciali. È stata questa integrità che gli organizzatori europei hanno riconosciuto al momento della consegna del premio: i contributi di Kempf sono da tempo parte integrante del tessuto culturale che sostiene l’intero ecosistema open source.

L'articolo VLC e il suo creatore ricevono un premio per aver scelto la libertà rispetto a milioni di dollari proviene da Red Hot Cyber.